Digital Resistance: Perceptions of Online Spaces and Tools in Political Activism in Myanmar

Since Myanmar’s 2021 military coup, the ruling junta has intensified control over online spaces. Internet shutdowns, surveillance laws, and social media restrictions have created a climate of fear and self-censorship. Despite these conditions, digital platforms continue to serve as essential tools for political organizing, information-sharing, and resistance.

This study explores how digital repression has shaped public engagement, using qualitative and empirical analysis. It finds that surveillance, censorship, and digital fatigue have discouraged activism. While trust in credible sources boosts participation and donations, overregulation and fear have led many to withdraw. Awareness of privacy risks drives caution—often at the expense of visibility and action.

To counter these trends, the report recommends strengthening structural support for digital activism. This includes reducing reliance on volunteers, developing secure fundraising channels, and building sustainable revenue models. It also calls for stronger digital security, inclusive engagement platforms, and strategic media efforts to counter disinformation. With the right support, digital resistance can continue to play a vital role in Myanmar’s political future.

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This study is part of the Myanmar Digital Research series published by Knowledge for Democracy Myanmar (K4DM) with support from International Development Research Centre and The SecDev Foundation.